3132 entries found
In January 2025, Ethical Trade Norway convened a seminar titled “Responsible Trade with India – What Must You Know?” to explore the complexities of engaging with India’s vast and diverse market. The event underscored the critical importance of understanding caste-based discrimination, particularly against Dalits and Adivasis, within global supply chains. The Dalit Solidarity Network Norway also played an active role in the Seminar.
This report explores caste-based discrimination and challenges that Scheduled Caste workers face in Karachi’s export-oriented textiles and garment industry. While previous research has examined informality and marginalisation in the sector, there have been no previous studies of factors like race and ethnicity, religion and caste, beyond gender.
On 14 February 2025, IDSN, Arisa and Homeworkers Worldwide hosted a side-session at the OECD Forum on Due Diligence in the Garment and Footwear Sector. The discussion addressed the exploitation of Dalit workers in South Asia’s garment and leather industries that form part of global supply chains. The panel featured voices from the frontlines of labour rights, each offering insights into caste discrimination, forced and bonded labour and caste and gender-based violence at work.
On 3 February 2025, Durga Sob, founder of the Feminist Dalit Organisation (FEDO) and a leading advocate for Dalit women’s rights, delivered a statement in connection with the 90th Session of the UN Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) Committee’s review of Nepal. Representing both FEDO and IDSN, Ms. Sob highlighted the entrenched discrimination and social exclusion faced by Dalit women and girls in Nepal.
"We need to strengthen the transformational solidarity that our feminist mothers and ancestors have built. We must be bolder, louder, and more unrepentant than ever, at this moment. We must dare to think beyond what is considered possible, beyond what is seen as pragmatic, and instead craft a future that is just, abundant, and free from the violence of race, caste, class, and capitalism."
Take-aways on caste and gender intersectionality from the report “Tripartite Marginalisation” in South Asia: In countries like Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Dalits face overlapping discrimination due to factors such as caste, gender, sexual orientation, economic status, disability and religion. This multi-layered disadvantage severely restricts their access to basic rights. Hazardous Labour: Dalit women are disproportionately forced into dangerous and informal jobs, most notably manual scavenging. The vast majority of those engaged in this degrading work are Dalit women, who are then denied access to basic necessities like clean water, healthcare, and other goods and services. Violence with Impunity: Caste and gender-based violence are rampant, serving to reinforce oppressive social hierarchies. This violence often goes unpunished due to systemic discrimination within justice systems. Examples include trafficking and forced prostitution, sexual violence against Dalit women as a tool of caste oppression, and forced religious conversions or marriages. In Nepal, a significant number of human trafficking survivors are Dalit women, with Badi Dalit women being especially vulnerable due to historical prejudices. LGBTQ+ Dalit individuals also face high risks of physical and sexual violence, and Dalit children endure severe social exclusion and corporal punishment in schools. Dalit Women and mainstream feminist movements: Dalit feminist scholars have tirelessly brought to light the specific social, sexual and cultural contexts that shape Dalit women’s lives. They show how Dalit women’s bodies, identities and work have been historically controlled and exploited. The report notes that Dalit women are often marginalised even within feminist academic circles, underscoring that any feminist movement that ignores caste is fundamentally flawed and complicit in perpetuating caste hierarchies. The Special Rapporteur outlines essential elements to tackle discrimination: Understand the roots: It’s vital to conduct systemic, racial and historical analyses of oppression, including caste. The report warns against a superficial use of “intersectionality” without truly dissecting the power systems and privilege that fuel inequality. Without this, the concept risks losing its power to dismantle systemic discrimination. Listen to affected communities: The diverse experiences of those facing caste discrimination must be central to all efforts. Full and effective participation of caste-oppressed communities in all policy and decision-making spaces is non-negotiable. The report highlights a worrying trend: Dalit communities experience low representation in policymaking in India. Collect disaggregated data: Gathering data that is disaggregated by race, ethnicity, and caste, among other identities, is described as a critical tool. This “intersectional data” is powerful because it makes invisible communities and their struggles visible, challenges stereotypes and exposes systemic disparities. Demand justice and reparation: Laws must be expanded to include all forms of intersectional discrimination. Beyond this, the report champions comprehensive and structural reparatory justice approaches. These are crucial for acknowledging and fully addressing the harms of historical atrocities, especially those related to caste oppression. True justice, the report asserts, must be grounded in the lived experiences of those who have suffered systemic racism and intersectional discrimination.
2025 Intersectionality report by the UN Special Rapporteur on Racism makes it clear: caste and gender oppression and discrimination are not isolated issues but deeply interconnected forms of systemic violence. It highlights how understanding the concept of intersectionality is vital for unmasking the complex layers of discrimination and exclusion. The report also details how one-size-fits-all solutions simply don’t work, because the experiences of caste-oppressed communities are highly complex and varied. An intersectional lens helps to challenge harmful stereotypes and portrayals of these communities as homogenous. The report also highlights the need to challenge hate-speech online as well as offline.
A Joint Submission by Dalit CSOs Consortium to the United Nations - Universal Periodic Review 51st Session (Fourth Cycle) of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council (HRC) Concerning Caste-based Discrimination and Violence against Dalits in Nepal Submitted by: Dalit CSOs Consortium for UPR Nepal (DCC-UN) This consortium comprises over 30 Dalit-led organizations dedicated to the empowerment and advancement of the Dalit community. Operating across various sectors and regions of the country, the member organizations bring a diverse range of experiences and expertise to their collective efforts. In collaboration with: International Dalit Solidarity Network (IDSN)
Sanitation work in Pakistan is disproportionately assigned to non-Muslims who belong to so-called “lower castes”, often without real choice in the matter. This report explores how communities in Pakistan that are marginalized due to their caste and religious identities experience compounded discrimination in Pakistan’s sanitation sector. Pakistani authorities must abide by international human rights law and standards and extend rights to sanitation workers without discrimination on the basis of class, caste and religion through specific legislative action to address caste-based discrimination, treating sewerage work as hazardous and ensuring effective implementation of labour laws to sanitation work. 29 July 2025 Index Number: ASA 33/0120/2025 Report by Amnesty International
This IDSN submission emphasizes that despite progress in some South Asian countries, Dalit women remain grossly underrepresented in public and private decision-making, constrained by persistent caste- and gender-based barriers. The submission calls for targeted reforms—such as explicit anti-discrimination laws, legal aid, land redistribution, labour protections, and scholarships—to dismantle intersecting inequalities and promote Dalit women’s socio-economic empowerment . Furthermore, IDSN urges intersectional integration within gender policies, including data disaggregation, inclusive consultations, vocational training, and protections in climate, conflict, and digital spheres to uphold development rights for Dalit women and girls
This is a guest post written by Priyanka Samy from IDSN member organization National Federation of Dalit Women (NFDW) – July 2025 On March 3, 2025, the National Federation of Dalit Women (NFDW) and Women’s Voice convened, “Commemorating Beijing+30: Reflections and Forward-Looking Strategies – A National Assembly of Women from Marginalised Communities” in Bangalore, India. This historic convening brought together 250 feminist leaders from the Dalit, Adivasi, Bahujan, Muslim, LBTIQA+, persons with disabilities, and working-class communities from across 20 states in India. The aim of the meeting was to reflect on three decades of the Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA), assess progress, and co-create strategies for a just, inclusive and intersectional future.
IDSN's submission draws attention to how climate change in South Asia disproportionately harms Dalit communities and how Dalit human rights defenders (HRDs) are central to advancing inclusive climate action and a just transition. Despite leading initiatives in sustainable agriculture, disaster response, and resource rights, Dalit HRDs—especially women—face systemic violence, exclusion, legal harassment, and invisibility in data and relief efforts. IDSN urges governments, international bodies, and donors to integrate caste-awareness into climate policies, ensure equitable access to resources, disaggregate data, and strengthen protections for Dalit HRDs. The submission emphasizes that genuine climate justice and a just transition are impossible without centering Dalit voices and leadership.
This IDSN submission outlines the urgent need to address persistent caste-based discrimination and exclusion of Dalit communities in South Asia. It calls for the full implementation of the UN Principles and Guidelines for the Effective Elimination of Discrimination Based on Work and Descent and advocates for a legally binding UN convention on caste-based discrimination. IDSN recommends strengthening access to justice, ensuring Dalit representation in legal and political institutions, protecting human rights defenders, and promoting equality in education, employment, and public services. The submission stresses that systematic reforms and international oversight are essential to effectively combat caste-based discrimination and uphold minority rights.
This IDSN submission highlights the pervasive issue of child labour among Dalit children in South Asia, particularly in India, where caste-based discrimination and systemic poverty exacerbate their vulnerability. Children as young as five are subjected to bonded labour in brick kilns, hazardous work in agriculture, forced labour in the textile industry, and domestic servitude, often under exploitative schemes like the “Sumangali” system. The IDSN underscores that these children, especially girls, face compounded risks of trafficking, sexual violence, and early marriage, which further entrench their marginalisation. To address these issues, the IDSN calls for the strict enforcement of existing laws, the elimination of caste-based discrimination in education and public services, and the implementation of comprehensive social protection measures to support vulnerable families and prevent child labour.
IDSN input on intersectionality from a racial justice perspective to Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism This report has had input from Pakistan Dalit Solidarity Network (PDSN), All India Dalit Mahila Adhikar Manch (AIDMAM)- National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights (NCDHR), Bangladesh Dalit and Excluded Rights Movement (BDERM), Better World Shelter and Feminist Dalit Organisation. It is impossible to address intersectionality without a focus on gender and gender justice from a racial justice perspective. Therefore, this submission takes the intersectionality of caste and gender as its central premise.
IDSN input for the report of the Special Rapporteur on minority issues on the contribution of the UN to the full realization of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities
Video documentary - Protecting children from Pesticides in Pakistan
Vulnerable workers include Dalits and low-caste Hindus in India - most bonded laborers in the silk industry in India are from lower castes.
