The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a monitoring mechanism established under the Human Rights Council. During the review of a number of caste-affected countries in the first UPR cycle, a number of observations and questions related to caste-based discrimination have been raised.

> Download a comprehensive overview of references to caste discrimination in UPR reviews of affected countries (2008-2009)

For relevant country reviews, IDSN contributes to joint UPR submissions on caste-based discrimination in association with its members and associates. The reports are based on existing research, UN recommendations and human rights obligations for each country.

> See the list of joint UPR submissions on caste-based discrimination facilitated by IDSN

Background

In the UPR process, each UN member state is reviewed periodically every four years on its human rights record. 48 countries are reviewed each year, starting in 2008. The review is carried out by a working group composed of members of the Council and is facilitated by groups of three member states (the “troika”). As part of the review, NGOs are encouraged to submit alternative reports, not exceeding five pages, to the OHCHR approximately five months in advance of the review.

The review of countries is based on three types of documents:

1. A national report prepared by the state under review.

2. A compilation of information contained in the reports of treaty bodies, special procedures, and other relevant UN documents, prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).

3. A summary of "additional credible and reliable information" received from other relevant stakeholders, including NGOs and well as national human rights institutions, not exceeding 10 pages, compiled by the OHCHR.